简介
氢化锂, 氢化铝锂,硼氢化钠,三乙基硼氢化锂(Super Hydride)/钠/钾 ,三仲丁基硼氢化锂( L-Selectride)/钠/钾(K-Selectride),Lithium Trisiamylborohydride (LiBSia3H) 60217-34-7, 三叔丁氧基氢化铝锂,77299-63-9 Lithium diisobutyl-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride solution,Diisobutylaluminum hydride, DIBAL,硼烷四氢呋喃,氨基硼烷等, 金属氢化物,作为还原剂和负氢离子的来源,广泛用于无机和有机合成中,以及作为储氢材料应用到日常生产生活中。金属氢化物还原剂,可以还原取代卤代物到烷烃,醛酮环氧亚胺等到醇或胺,羧酸衍生物如酯,腈及其他衍生物到特别是某些烃基取代的金属化合物,具有反应条件温和,副反应少以及产率高的优点,体现出较好的化学选择性和立体 选择性。在复杂的天然产物,药物分子的合成中,较之其他还原法显示出更多的优点。
应用举例
1. 还原卤代物等到相应的烷烃(反应式A,B),并且氘代实验表明,该还原反应经过明确的SN2取代机理(反应式B)。另外,OTs,OMs等取代基也能被还原。

2. 还原环氧到醇,在如下例中,三乙基硼氢化锂比的四氢铝锂的选择性要高很多。

3. 选择性还原醛酮到相应的醇。在α-环己酮的还原中,以很高的选择性的得到顺势的产品(反应式D);并且在醛和酮同时存在的情况下,可以优先还原醛到相应的一级醇(反应式E)。其中,Lithium trisiamylborohydride (LiBSia3H)表现出更好的选择性,以其他取代的环己酮为例,各氢化物还原总结如表一。
4. 选择性的还原羧酸及其衍生物。可以在有其他可被还原的基团存在下,选择性的还原酯基。
5.其他用途。氢化物也可以转移负氢离子到其他的过度金属有机化合物上,形成新的M-H化合物,选择性的脱除甲基。
参考文献
l Lithium Triethyllborohydride,Marek Zaidlewicz,Herbert C. Brown, Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis,2001
l Krishnamutthy, S. Schubert R.M Brown, H, C, J., Am Chem. Soc 1973, 95, 8486
l JACS, 1973
Chemical Name | Sodium Triacetoxyborohydride |
CAS Number | 56553-60-7 |
Synonym |
STAB
Sodium (T-4)-Tris(acetato-O)hydroborate(1-)
Sodium triacetatohydroborate |
MDL Number | MFCD00012211 |
EC Number | 000-000-0 |
Beilstein Registry Number | 4047608 |
PubChem Substance ID | 87575901 |
Chemical Name Translation | 三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠 |
Reaxys-RN | 4047608 |
Merck Number | 8695 |
LabNetwork Molecule ID | LN00244284 |
Safety Statements | |
- S26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice 眼睛接触后,立即用大量水冲洗并征求医生意见;
- S33 Take precautionary measures against static discharges 对静电采取预防措施;
- S36/37/39 Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection 穿戴适当的防护服、手套和眼睛/面保护;
- S37/39 Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection 穿戴适当的手套和眼睛/面保护;
- S43 In case of fire use ... (indicate in the space the precise type of fire-fighting equipment. If water increases the risk add -?Never use water) 着火时使用(指明具体的消防器材种类,如果用水增加危险,注明“禁止用水”
- S60 This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste 该物质及其容器必须作为危险废物处置;
- S7/8 Keep container tightly closed and dry 保存在严格密闭容器中,保持干燥;
|
UN Number |
1409
2813 |
Risk Statements | |
- R11 Highly flammable 非常易燃
- R14/15 Reacts violently with water, liberating extremely flammable gases 遇水剧烈反应,释放出高度可燃气体
- R15 Contact with water liberates extremely flammable gases 遇水会释放出极端易燃的气体
- R36/37/38 Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin 对眼睛、呼吸系统和皮肤有刺激性
- R37/38 Irritating to respiratory system and skin 对呼吸系统和皮肤有刺激性
|
Storage condition |
Moisture Sensitive
充氩保存
还原剂,遇湿遇氧变质,密封保存 |
GHS Symbol
Precautionary statements | |
- P210 Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking. 远离热源/火花/明火/热的表面。——禁止吸烟。
- P223 Keep away from any possible contact with water, because of violent reaction and possible flash fire. 远离任何与水接触的可能,因为会剧烈反应可能产生闪火。
- P231+P232
- P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. 避免吸入粉尘/烟/气体/烟雾/蒸汽/喷雾。
- P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. 戴防护手套/防护服/眼睛的保护物/面部保护物。
- P370+P378
- P402+P404
- P422 Store contents under… 存储目录在…之下。
- P501 Dispose of contents/container to..… 处理内容物/容器.....
|
Hazard statements | |
- H228 Flammable solid 易燃固体
- H261 In contact with water releases flammable gas 与水接触时释放可燃气体。
- H315 Causes skin irritation 会刺激皮肤
- H335 May cause respiratory irritation 可能导致呼吸道刺激
|
WGK Germany | 3 |
Signal word |
Danger |
Packing Group | II |
Hazard Codes |
4.3
F
F,Xi,C |
Hazard Class | 4.3 |
试剂,用于酮和醛的还原胺化反应,羰基复合物和胺类的还原胺化/内酰胺化,以及芳基醛的还原胺化反应。
{ALF} Selective reducing agent; review: Org. Prep. Proced. Int., 17, 317 (1985). Reduces aldehydes in the presence of ketones: J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 535 (1975). For stereoselective reduction of ketones in AcOH, see: Tetrahedron Lett., 273 (1983). Reduces ß-hydroxy ketones diastereoselectively to anti-diols: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 110, 3560 (1988), and cyclic ß-enamino esters selectively to the cis-amino esters: J. Org. Chem., 59, 5328 (1994); Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 5, 1455 (1994).
{ALD} Merck:8695
{TRC} McGill, J.M. et al.: Tetrahed. Lett., 37, 3977 (1996); Carlson, M. et al.: J. Chem. Edu., 77, 270 (2000);
{ALF} Excellent reagent for reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones with a wide variety of amines: J. Org. Chem., 61, 3849 (1996); Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 3977 (1996); review: A.C.S. Symp. Ser., 641, 201 (1996).